The aim of the study was to detect the infection level of honey bees with Nosema apis and/or Nosema cer-anae using microscopic and molecular analysis from indigenous honeybee race of eight Saudi Arabian geographical regions. ceranae isolates from European countries. The obtained sequence was mainly 100% similar to those of V. ceranae was found by direct sequencing of the amplified fragment of 16S rRNA. PCR analysis showed that the samples were only infected with V. There was a significant correlation between the prevalence and intensity of V. No significant differences were found among the prevalence rates of infection in the types of colonies however, the intensity was significantly higher in migratory and mountainous colonies in May and only in migratory colonies in October. ceranae infection between May and October samples. Statistically, there were no significant differences in the prevalence and intensity of V. The mean infection intensity ranged from 1.8 to 12.5 (× 106) spores/bee. The infection intensities in May and October were 5.94 ± 0.19 (× 106) and 5.86 ± 0.23 (× 106) spores/bee in a pooled sample, respectively. In microscopic analysis, 46.52% and 46.1% of samples in May and October showed Vairimorpha spores, respectively. By considering 3–5 colonies for each apiary, 20 adult bees as pooled samples were collected from each colony. In October 2017 and May 2018, 376 colonies from 97 apiaries were selected for each month according to a randomly clustered design. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of Vairimorpha infection in different types of colonies and locations in Iran. Nosemosis caused by Vairimorpha ceranae is one of the most important threats to honeybee colonies worldwide. The T-ARMS PCR technique was found an easy to handle, sensitive and specific identification tool for this disease. Our results revealed the presence of both the species in the region but Nosema ceranae was found as the dominant species with 84.09 percent and Nosema apis prevalence was found low with 15.91 percent. The total incidence percentage of Nosema was found to be 22 percent in samples collected from eight Apiaries. The incidence was found more in the spring season than summer with mean percentage of 27.89 and 15.62 respectively. Nosema disease prevalence was found between 15.70 to 31.73 percent. Nucleic acid based method (T-ARMS PCR and RT-PCR) was standardised to detect and discriminate the Nosema spp. Aim of the study was to standardize and devise the PCR based sensitive and specific identification method, to check the prevalence of Nosema disease in the region. The present study was conducted in the four Districts of Jammu region during spring and summer of 2020.
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